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British-born American artist Thomas Cole began painting portraits in 1822. In the ensuing years, he shifted his focus to landscapes. The founder of the Hudson River School art movement, Cole is widely regarded as the first significant American landscape painter. He was known for his romantic landscape and history paintings. One of Cole's first landscapes, Lake with Dead Trees (1825), was among those that first popularized his works in an 1825 exhibition. Most of his early works depict the wilderness, "the truly American forest", typically the Hudson River Valley and the Catskills where he resided. From 1831 to 1832, Cole traversed Italy; some of the classical ruins he visited made appearances in his paintings, such as Aqueduct near Rome (1832), Roman Campagna (1843), and Arch of Nero (1846). While in Rome, Cole formulated the concept for his most ambitious work yet: The Course of Empire, a series of five paintings following the rise and fall of civilization. Completed in 1836, the series reflects nostalgia for pastoralism and Cole's personal opposition to U.S. president Andrew Jackson. (Full list...
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